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Are You a Binge Eater?
Are you a binge eater? Nothing to be ashamed to admit. You are amongst friends. I was a binge eater and I started young. Let me clarify that I am not the kind of binge and purge kind of binge-er. I am the eat everything sweet or carbohydrate in the house kind of eater. Or I should say I was.
I have kicked that habit right out the door and I am a better person, or I’d like to think I am. Heck, haven’t we all binged a few times? My typical binging always had the TV involved. Boy, there was nothing like a cold, snowy day; a good movie on and a bowl of popcorn and pint of Ben & Jerry’s. Then after I consumed that, I would rip open the pantry doors searching for something else. Usually I would make my own chocolate chip cookie dough (without eggs) and eat it raw. Yup, then the guilt would come.
When I was younger I could get away with the typical binge but now that I am older, I cannot without the added weight gain. Binging had to end.
This is from Wikipedia, You know you are a binge eater if:
- Feels disgusted, depressed, or guilty after binge eating.
- Eats an unusually large amount of food at one time, far more than a regular person would eat.
- Eats much more quickly during binge episodes than during normal eating episodes.
- Eats until physically uncomfortable and nauseated due to the amount of food consumed.
- Eats when bored or depressed
- Eats large amounts of food even when not really hungry.
- Often eats alone during periods of normal eating, owing to feelings of embarrassment about food.
How I resolved my binge eating.
I knew I had to get a grip on my binge eating. It was becoming a growing problem and I had to face it once and for all. I did some researching and women are more likely to do it than men; usually has to do with depressions, loneliness or boredom; and you can learn from parents if they are binge eaters.
It seems pretty ridiculous that I was binge eating. I wasn’t depressed or lonely, but maybe I was bored. After all, binge eating isn’t really a group activity and I eat like a bird when I am at social functions. Well, unless it’s at the Christmas buffet where I go a little crazy on the sugary desserts. Oh well, that’s only one day a year. Why I really think I was binging is, I was having my own personal party with no one around to judge.
- So, I stopped eating in front of the TV.
- I eat smaller portions of healthy foods.
- I do not eat (or try not to eat) sweets.
- I do not snack unless it is a stalk of celery.
- I do not eat popcorn or chips.
- I no longer eat peanut butter in fact it is not even allowed in the house. (That’s my gateway food.)
- If I serve ice cream or pie after dinner, the leftover is sent to my neighbor’s house.
- I do not stare at the chocolate bars in the checkout line especially the Reese’s Chocolate and Peanut butter or take them home.
Because my willpower is at it’s lowest at night, I had to eliminate most of the sweets in the house or I will get up in the middle of the night and eat them. This is because I have cut my calorie intake to an all time low so I am usually hungry and will go to the freezer, pull out the pint of ice cream and with just spoon directly in to the container, eat it all in front of the TV. Ugh! Sometimes I don’t like ME.
It did take loads of practice but I kicked the habit and no longer automatically reach for something sweet or salty to eat while I watch TV. In fact, it sort has taken away the sport of TV watching which resulted in the many hours of TV I watch. Well heck, it’s not that much fun anymore now that I don’t binge. Funny how that worked. Hmmmm
Sarah’s Story: Quitting Sugar Saved My Thyroid.
Quitting Sugar Saved My Thyroid: Sarah Wilson’s Story
By Everyday Health Guest Contributor
Published Jan 13, 2014
By Sarah Wilson, Special to Everyday Health
Every now and then our bodies like to tell us, in no uncertain terms, to stop and take note. A common cold politely tells us to back off when we’re pushing too hard. More serious illness can arrive as a “canary down the mine shaft”, signalling the need to quit the toxic job or leave that relationship that’s run your spirit into a cul-de-sac. Some of us get the message too late. Some of us are lucky enough to get our wake-up call just in time.
Five years ago, I was keeping myself frantically busy editing Cosmopolitan magazine. I was running over 30 miles a week and had just competed in a 24-hour mountain bike race. Sleep? I only needed four or five hours a night, and I propped myself up on a rotating cycle of black coffee in the morning and red wine at night. I was burning my rechargeable, ever-ready candle at both ends in the most spectacular of fashions. And getting away with it.
But then my body collapsed.
It’d had enough of my arrogance, and it ground me to a halt. Quite literally. It was as if it were telling me: Young lady, you’re not going any further until you’ve had a good hard look at yourself. It’s time to wake up.
My hair had started falling out and my nails were peeling off in fine sheaths. I was tired. It felt like I was dragging my body through molasses. My thoughts were dark and fumbling and my joints were like jelly; I was falling over a lot and my knees soon became covered in scabs. In the middle of all this, I climbed Machu Picchu in Peru. I put the weakness in my limbs down to altitude sickness and did what I always do when think I’m dropping the ball – I climbed harder and faster.
When my period stopped, however, I got a blood test. The diagnosis was Hashimoto’s disease.
A Little Gland with Big Problems
Hashimoto’s is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid. This little butterfly-shaped ball of endocrine activity happens to be rather important – it controls metabolism, female hormones, circadian rhythms and energy levels. Pretty much, as one specialist told me, everything that makes you feel good about being you. Is it hereditary? A predisposition to it is, yes. It can be triggered by a litany of toxic factors.
When I was 22 I had Graves’, or hyperactive thyroid, where your body produces too much thyroid hormone, causing everything (metabolism, adrenalin, hormone production) to speed up. Twelve years later I’d burnt the poor thing out and developed a hypo-active, or under active, version (Hashimoto’s), characterized by a visceral slowing down. It was a bit like the lifespan of a supernova – it burnt furiously and brightly for a while, then, poof!, it was gone.
My case, I was told, was more of an intergalactic implosion. By the time I sought help, my thyroid stimulation hormone levels had ricocheted off the scale.
Because I’d left my condition untreated for so long, and my body was so depleted of energy, it went looking for juice elsewhere, wreaking adrenal havoc along the way. Further tests revealed my white blood cell count was barely existent; I had a leaky gut (protein was being absorbed undigested into my system) and kidney and gall bladder damage. Western medicine took a rather alarmist route with me: one endocrinologist told me I was “adrenally skeletal”. Another doctor, upon seeing my TSH levels, said it was a “miracle” I was vertical and prescribed hefty does of Thyroxin. What would’ve happened if I’d gone further without treatment, I asked him? He didn’t look up from his script: “heart failure”.
This titbit, strangely, came as a relief. My fatigue was justified! I was allowed to stop. So I quit my job and started the long process of learning how to rest and… just be.
A few more tests later and I learned I also had no female hormones left and was effectively infertile. For good? No one could be sure. Ever since I was 17, all paths had led to having children; it felt like my end point, after years of career slog, had been smudged out.
The Thyroid Roller Coaster
I was 34, single, childless, jobless and anchor-less. All of which made me more determined to get better. As in, truly better; not just back to where I’d been. Like so many women in my position, I began reading about alternative ways to heal my body and developed a hunger for a stiller, less adrenaline-fueled grind through life.
But – wait for it – then came the weight gain. When I was 22, I lost 33 pounds in 5 weeks. This time I put on 22 pounds in 15 weeks. Was this a lot? I know other sufferers who put on twice that; my grandmother fluctuated from 77 to 165 pounds during her thyroid roller coaster ride. But for anyone – particularly us women, who are more scrupulously judged – sudden, unjustified weight gain of any amount feels like too much.
I had spent years as a health advocate, encouraging women to accept a broader span of body contours, reminding them that our bodies change shape and size throughout our lives. I’m not a vain person, and I’m acutely mindful of how dangerous it is to become attached to a fixed idea of what we’re meant to look like. But I can tell you, going up two sizes over the course of one summer shook me to the core, and I had to draw on every ounce of Zen-like surrender and maturity to stop my self-esteem from crumbling.
All of society’s prejudices and neuroses about weight gain bubbled to the surface. I began to apologize for my bigger self; I’d tell friends and colleagues I hadn’t seen for a few months about my weight gain before they’d had a chance to issue a greeting. I wanted to save them the awkwardness of having to mask the judgement I thought they must be passing. This, in my experience, is a particularly female thing to do – to point out our faults before anyone else can. I guess it’s a way of controlling the uncontrollable, taking too much responsibility for the comfort levels of others.
Of course, my clothes didn’t fit anymore, but I refused to buy new ones. I convinced myself that the new-found curves were a passing phase, that they’d slide right off my frame soon enough. This lack of acceptance also took its toll: I stopped living in the present; I put off feeling beautiful and graceful.
Eventually, the lessons my body set out to teach me began to crystallize. Truth was, my body had to get heavier in order to get better. My bull-at-a-gate lifestyle of yore had left me drawn and scrawny. The more weight I put on, the better I got, organ by organ. It was as if I needed to nourish my internals with some padding and “juice” for them to heal. This process taught me some incredibly rewarding lessons in acceptance.
A New Approach to Getting Better
Getting better was a multi-dimensional affair. While Thyroxin band-aids the immediate problem, there is no instant fix for what caused the disorder in the first place, nor the subsequent damage I’d done. To fix this, I had to shift my lifestyle patterns.
If I can recommend two things to anyone suffering an autoimmune disease, it’s to meditate and to quit sugar. The combination worked to pacify and calm my entire system, at a cellular level. Slowly, slowly, the tension and contraction that caused my disease unraveled. The fuzz lifted, the moods abated, my energy increased in an even way. In some ways, healing an autoimmune disease is about addressing the symptoms and working back to the original cause.
Quitting sugar, quite frankly, is mandatory if you have an autoimmune disease. Sugar causes leaky gut (often cited as the precursor to autoimmune disease). Sugar inflames and mucks with the entire endocrine system and insulin spikes destroy the thyroid gland. In addition to the damage caused by insulin, a compromised thyroid gland will slow the removal of insulin from the bloodstream.
Meditation, meanwhile, shuts off my mind long enough for my body to have the space and energy to heal itself. Even the process of learning to meditate brings grace and gratefulness into one’s life. This shifts everything.
I’m now grateful– yes, grateful– for the wonderfully bodacious and comically obvious wake-up call I received. I needed to change the frantic way I lived my life, and lord knows I wasn’t going to do it on my own. So, what do you know? I got precisely the type of illness my body and me deserved. Over time, I’ve learned to unfurl and modulate my illness. Two months ago I got my period back. I can exercise daily now, and my gut is balancing out. My nails grow and my energy is mostly even. I don’t expect – or even want – complete recovery. It’s going to be a life of vigilant modulation: a way of life I’ve come to enjoy.
Sarah Wilson is an author, TV host, blogger and wellness coach whose journalism career has spanned 20 years across television, radio, magazines, newspapers and online. She is the former editor of Cosmopolitan magazine and was the host of the first series of MasterChef Australia, the highest rating show in Australian TV history. Sarah is the author of the Australian best-seller I Quit Sugar, due for release in the UK and the USA early 2014. She’s also authored the best-selling series of ebooks from IQuitSugar.com, including I Quit Sugar: an 8-week program, I Quit Sugar Cookbook, I Quit Sugar Chocolate Cookbook, I Quit Sugar Christmas Cookbook and the soon-to-be-released I Quit Sugar Kids Cookbook.
A Diet Cure For Cancer? Hallelujah Diet!
I heard about the Hallelujah Diet from my neighbor who has a relative that had cancer and was given the “prepare for death” speech from his doctor. The man went home and went on the diet and well, that was over 10 years ago, so according to him, it works? In case you have never heard of the Hallelujah Diet it is religious based and quoted by some as God’s Diet. Here is a quote from the bible: The Hallelujah Diet is based on the physical nourishment as intended from our Provider in Genesis 1:29: “And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat [food].”
The Hallelujah Diet is a menu of 85% raw, uncooked, and unprocessed plant-based food, and 15% cooked, plant-based food.
The 85% Raw Portion
This portion of The Hallelujah Diet is composed exclusively of the garden foods God instructs man to eat (Genesis 1:29). The dense living nutrients found in raw foods and their juices produce abundant energy and vibrant health while satisfying our cells’ nutritional needs, controlling hunger efficiently.
- Beverages: Freshly extracted vegetable juices, BarleyMax, CarrotJuiceMax, BeetMax, and remineralized distilled water
- Dairy Alternatives: Fresh almond milk, creamy banana milk, as well as frozen banana, strawberry, or blueberry “fruit creams”
- Fruit: All fresh, as well as unsulphured organic dried fruit (limit fruit to no more than 15% of daily food intake)
- Grains: Soaked oats, raw muesli, dehydrated granola, dehydrated crackers
- Beans: Green beans, peas, sprouted garbanzos, sprouted lentils, and sprouted mung beans
- Nuts & Seeds: Raw almonds, sunflower seeds, macadamia nuts, walnuts, raw almond butter or tahini (consume sparingly)
- Oils and Fats: Extra virgin olive oil, Udo’s Oil, flaxseed oil (the oil of choice for people with cancer, except men with prostate cancer, who may be better served meeting the essential fat needs through freshly ground flaxseed), and avocados
- Seasonings: Fresh or dehydrated herbs, garlic, sweet onions, parsley, and salt-free seasonings
- Sweets: Fruit smoothies, raw fruit pies with nut/date crusts, date-nut squares, etc.
- Vegetables: All raw vegetables
- Soups: Raw soups
The 15% Cooked Portion
Cooked foods follow the raw salad at lunch or evening meals and can prove beneficial for those trying to maintain body weight.
- Beverages: Caffeine-free herb teas and cereal-based coffee alternatives, along with bottled organic juices
- Beans: Lima, black, kidney, navy, pinto, red, and white
- Dairy: Non-dairy cheese, almond milk and rice milk (use sparingly)
- Fruit: Cooked and unsweetened frozen fruits
- Grains: Whole-grain cereals, breads, muffins, pasta, brown rice, millet, etc.
- Oils: Vegan mayonnaise made from cold-pressed oils
- Seasonings: Same as the 85% portion, plus unrefined sea salt (use sparingly)
- Soups: Soups made from scratch without fat, dairy, or refined table salt
- Sweeteners: Raw, unfiltered honey, rice syrup, unsulphured molasses, stevia, carob, pure maple syrup, date sugar, agave nectar (use very sparingly)
- Vegetables: Steamed or wok-cooked fresh or frozen vegetables, baked white, yellow or sweet potatoes, squash, etc.
Food to avoid!
Watch out for these!
What most people do not realize is that almost every physical problem they experience, other than accidents, has a diet related cause.
Because our physical body is designed by God to be nourished with living (raw) foods, it is imperative that the greatest percentage of our daily food intake be composed of raw foods—and that we avoid the foods that are causing the problems in the first place.
Here are a list of foods that are excluded from The Hallelujah Diet. Although this list is far from comprehensive, using it as a guide will help you determine whether or not other foods are beneficial.
Beverages
- Alcohol
- Coffee (grain coffees like Pero and Roma are fine)
- Teas containing caffeine (caffeine-free herb teas are fine)
- Carbonated beverages and soft drinks
- All artificial and sugar containing drinks, sport drinks, and all juices containing preservatives, refined salt, sugar, and artificial sweeteners
Refined sugar suppresses the immune system and prevents its ability to protect us from germs, viruses, and bad bacteria. One 12 oz soft drink contains approximately 11 teaspoons of sugar and if consumed daily for one year, adds 15 pounds of weight.
Dairy
- All milk, cheese, ice cream, whipped toppings, and non-dairy creamers
Cow milk and cheese are some of the most dangerous foods we can place into our body. Read Dr. T. Colin Campbell’s book, The China Study for documentation (it will change your life).
Soy Milk and other Soy Products
- Most soy products should be avoided
Soy is high in estrogen. The estrogen in soy formulas has been known to cause baby girls to develop breast buds as young as two years of age, and the age of puberty, which should be past the age of 15 years, is now as early as 8, 9, and 10 years.
The growth hormones in animal flesh and dairy are also contributing to this problem. Estrogen can be a contributing factor in all female cancers, and the high protein content of soy can actually feed cancers.
Processed Fruits
- Canned and sweetened fruits
- Non-organic and sulfured dried fruits
Refined Grains
- Refined, bleached flour products, most cold breakfast cereals, and white rice
Refined grains are devoid of fiber and thus one of the leading causes of constipation. Animal-source foods are also totally devoid of fiber.
All Meats and Eggs
- Beef, pork, fish, chicken, eggs, turkey, hamburgers, hot dogs, bacon, sausage, bologna, etc.
All animal-source foods are harmful to the body and are the cause of up to 90% of all physical problems. Eliminating animal source foods can practically eliminate the fear of having a heart attack, stroke, cardiovascular problems, cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, heartburn, gout, acid stomach, and the list goes on and on.
Certain Nuts and Seeds
- All roasted and/or salted seeds and nuts
Peanuts in particular are not a nut but a legume, and very difficult to digest.
Certain Oils
- All lard, margarine, shortenings, and anything containing hydrogenated oils or trans fats
Certain Seasonings
- Refined table salt and any seasonings containing it
Unlike mineral-rich unrefined salt, which is beneficial, refined table salt is devoid of such minerals, containing 97% to 99% sodium chloride. It is a leading cause of high blood pressure. Celtic or Eden Sea Salt, a natural, unrefined salt from the sea, is a good choice.
Certain Soups
- Any canned, packaged, or creamed soups containing salt or dairy products
Certain Sweets
- All refined white or brown sugar (brown sugar is simply refined white sugar with some molasses added for color)
- Sugar syrups
- Chocolate (carob is a wonderful chocolate substitute)
- Candy, gum, cookies, donuts, cakes, pies, or other products containing refined sugars or artificial sweeteners
Acceptable sweeteners include raw unfiltered honey, stevia, agave nectar, and pure maple syrup (use any of these sparingly).
Processed Vegetables
- All canned vegetables with added salt or preservatives
- Vegetables fried in oil
All Drugs
Though these are not foods, most are addictive and very destructive within the body:
- Alcohol
- Nicotine
- Caffeine
- Marijuana, cocaine, heroin, etc.
- Many over the counter and doctor-prescribed drugs
IMPORTANT: You must always consult with your doctor who is treating you for your serious illness including the Hallelujah Diet and do not discontinue any prescriptions without your doctor’s consent.
For more info on the Hallelujah Diet you can Google it or check out this website. http://www.hacres.com/Click here for the diet Book The Hallelujah Diet
Karen’s Story-It wasn’t About Losing Weight
I love Karen. She has always been a great friend and we have known each other since high school and we even went to the same college. After all these years, we have kept in touch.
Karen is a real beauty; close to 6 ft tall with dark hair and perfect features she could have been a model. But not only is Karen beautiful on the outside she also has a beautiful and caring personality. She cares so much about people and animals that she volunteers at a nursing home and at animal rescues.
Karen’s weight has always gone up and down on the scale. In college we all put on the freshman 10 or 20 but we would also lose them. As we grew older it was harder to lose and easier to put on weight. Karen and I both got heavier and heavier.
A couple of years ago, Karen and I met halfway between our homes at a coffee shop. Boy was I shocked when I saw her. She must have lost 40 pounds and looked wonderful and full of vitality. Karen told me her weight loss was a result of a healthier diet. She wasn’t feeling well and suspected it was the food that she was eating that was making her feel that way. She said she felt bloated and edgy. After reading a couple of health books she realized that she may have food allergies and started eliminating certain foods from her diet. Top of the list to eliminate: wheat and sugar. After 7 days of not eating these foods, she felt the benefits and started to lose weight…a nice side effect. “It was all about feeling better and never about losing weight,” said Karen. She never gets on a scale so she has no idea how much weight she has lost.
“It’s not about the weight, it’s all about the healing.
What I weigh does not matter.”
She did point out that when you start the better-health journey you should not look outside of yourself for validation. Most people will not understand your new diet or may even mock you, and your family will be eating differently than you do. She said she got her support through websites that concentrated on health, reading health/diet books, meditation, and meeting other people who felt the same way about food as she did.
“I feel good in my own body, and I have become aware of how different foods affect me.”
A typical day for Karen:
Breakfast~
2 Cups of black coffee and lots of water with Braggs Apple Cider Vinegar (When I asked her how much Braggs she puts in her water she said she doesn’t measure anything. She just pours some in the water and loves the taste.)
2 Hard boiled eggs with a drizzle of olive oil
Lunch~
Baked chicken with veggies
Dinner~
Same as lunch
Snack is a couple of spoonfuls of unsweetened apple sauce mixed with cashew butter throughout the day.
Karen’s tip is: Start the day eating just pure protein. It makes you feel more satisfied than starting the day with carbs.
I asked her if she ever binges. She said, “No.”
If she goes to a party and there is a cake she will have a slice and eat the entire piece (this is a rare occurrence), and she says she can feel that old sugar addiction kick in. But that is it. She then won’t have any sugar for months. She said it takes her about 7 days to get over the cravings for sugar.
Karen says what she misses most of all is crusty bread and dipping it into olive oil. She eats no dairy and drinks no alcohol nor does she miss it.
As far as exercise, Karen does yoga and takes walks but hitting the gym and sweating on a treadmill is not something she would do.
A good point that she brought up is the jealousy that you will sometimes feel when you see other people eat and drink what they want and seem to look fine or suffer no consequences. She said that you have to depend on self-loving yourself when this happens and also find your tribe; people who you relate to and that relate to you.
Karen has done a couple of fasts but does not recommend them unless you have thoroughly studied up on them and proceed under a professional’s care. She said they can be very dangerous if you are taking medications because a fast can be toxic. Proceed with extreme caution when considering a fast. She said her longest fast was for 4 days and that after 2 days she felt amazingly calm and had no cravings. But for other people who fast, they may feel horrible as toxins are released from their body. Again, the best advice if you want to do a fast is find a physician who is familiar with fasting and can offer advice.
Karen’s reading suggestions:
Alkalize or Die: Superior Health Through Proper Alkaline-Acid Balance
Theodore A. Baroody
Clean Gut: The Breakthrough Plan for Eliminating the Root Cause of Disease and Revolutionizing Your Health
Alejandro Junger
Apple Cider Vinegar Miracle Health System
Paul C. Bragg
Wheat Belly: Lose the Wheat, Lose the Weight, and Find Your Path Back to Health
William Davis
Sara Gottfried
Thank you for reading! Terry Ryan
Geri’s Story-How to Stay Slim
I have known Geri Lee Ide since we were waitresses in our early twenties at a restaurant in the Lake George area. Geri was very friendly, fun to socialize with and was slim, healthy and sexy. Then as we got older and chased after different careers we lost touch with each other until I ran into her on a dock on Lake George 2 years ago. There she was; still slim, healthy and sexy. There was mass confusion on that dock that day with dogs barking and children running around so Geri and I barely had a chance to say “hi!”
But one major difference between us…I have the middle-aged spread and she is still slim. I mean she is bikini wearing slim! What was her secret to keeping slim? Inquiring minds want to know. So, we connected on Facebook and I asked Geri if I could call her and ask her about her slim secrets. Here they are:
1) She takes every opportunity at meal time to eat healthy.
2) She avoids sweets and really doesn’t like them. If someone has a cake they have made she will take a bite or two and then push it away.
3) Geri stops when she feels full. If she has had a ample lunch then she will skip dinner.
4) She never uses artificial sweeteners. Geri read somewhere that they actually cause women to put on weight.
5) Geri eats lots of home-made soups to fill her up.
6) For breakfast she usually has a veggie/fruit smoothie.
7) Her husband likes to eat healthy too so together they support each other.
8) She doesn’t over-think eating. She knows what and what not to eat and it comes natural to her; not forced.
9) No bread or high processed snacks except once in a blue moon.
10) She makes her mashed potatoes with chicken broth and in her coffee she uses 2% milk.
11) She never food binges nor has a desire to eat a full pint of Ben and Jerry’s Ice Cream.
Geri did say that she does like to have a glass of white or red wine at night with her husband and loves cheese. She keeps active by skiing (she lives in Colorado.) She also has work out equipment in her house that her husband and she uses.
Geri’s Tip: In your smoothies put in a handful of organic parsley for a good source of calcium.
In her smoothies (she uses a Ninja Blender NJ 600) a typical morning recipe is, any green veggies she finds in the refrigerator (always organic), fruit like oranges, avocado, lemon, parsley, and fresh ginger. This usually lasts her through lunch. If she needs a snack it will be something like cheese wrapped in turkey (turkey rollups) (no bread). Dinner is chicken baked without skin, mashed potatoes, and a veggie with no butter.
Geri likes to make Oatmeal Meatloaf (she gets the leanest beef and sometime mixes ostrich in)
- 1-1/2 Pound(s) 90% lean ground beef
- 1 Cup(s) tomato juice or tomato sauce or V8
- 3/4 Cup(s) Quaker® Oats (quick or old fashioned, uncooked)
- 1 egg or 2 egg whites, lightly beaten
- 1/4 Cup(s) chopped onion
- 1/2 Teaspoon(s) salt (optional)
- 1/4 Teaspoon(s) Black pepper